participating in
For observations made between 2023/03/27 and 2028/01/01
Submissions accepted up to 2028/01/02
Visit our enchanted. realm around the University of San Francisco and Lone Mountain. So much wildlife in a city setting!
371
Identifications
Identifications
381
Observations
Observations
285
Species
Species
89
People
People
Top Species
1.
TBD
23
2.
Apis mellifera
5
3.
Bombus vosnesenskii
5
4.
Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758
4
5.
Aeonium arboreum
4
6.
Hydrangea macrophylla
4
7.
Brachycera
3
8.
Junonia grisea
3
9.
Bombus
3
10.
Borago officinalis
3
Top Observers
1.
noares
{:id=>"7867754", :score=>2280.0, :observations_count=>114, :species_count=>101, :percentage=>"25.61"}
2.
poonamdk
{:id=>"3729164", :score=>760.0, :observations_count=>30, :species_count=>30, :percentage=>"8.54"}
3.
burtosa
{:id=>"1050620", :score=>340.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"3.82"}
4.
cpbr
{:id=>"2026071", :score=>280.0, :observations_count=>14, :species_count=>14, :percentage=>"3.15"}
5.
Chris PB
{:id=>"2026071", :score=>260.0, :observations_count=>13, :species_count=>12, :percentage=>"2.92"}
6.
adeleergastolo
{:id=>"3980295", :score=>240.0, :observations_count=>12, :species_count=>11, :percentage=>"2.70"}
7.
rainybat
{:id=>"7760276", :score=>240.0, :observations_count=>8, :species_count=>8, :percentage=>"2.70"}
8.
ryanmasangkay
{:id=>"7614258", :score=>220.0, :observations_count=>11, :species_count=>7, :percentage=>"2.47"}
9.
c59888
{:id=>"8934085", :score=>220.0, :observations_count=>3, :species_count=>3, :percentage=>"2.47"}
10.
californiarowan
{:id=>"182135", :score=>180.0, :observations_count=>9, :species_count=>9, :percentage=>"2.02"}
Top Species
1.
TBD
23
2.
Apis mellifera
5
3.
Bombus vosnesenskii
5
4.
Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758
4
5.
Aeonium arboreum
4
6.
Hydrangea macrophylla
4
7.
Brachycera
3
8.
Junonia grisea
3
9.
Bombus
3
10.
Borago officinalis
3
11.
Vicia faba
3
12.
Leucanthemum
3
13.
Leratiomyces ceres (Cooke & Massee) Spooner & Bridge
3
14.
Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1788)
3
15.
Salvia rosmarinus
3
16.
Cupressus
2
17.
Asteroideae
2
18.
Cistanthe grandiflora
2
19.
Verbascum
2
20.
Salvia elegans
2
21.
Blapylis
2
22.
Hydrangea
2
23.
Diptera
2
24.
Vanessa annabella
2
25.
Lepidoptera
2
26.
Harpalus caliginosus
2
27.
Vespula pensylvanica (de Saussure, 1857)
2
28.
Achillea filipendulina
2
29.
Flavoparmelia caperata
2
30.
Beta vulgaris
2
31.
Verbascum thapsus
2
32.
Calliphora vicina
2
33.
Allium triquetrum
2
34.
Calendula officinalis
2
35.
Magnoliopsida
2
36.
Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842
2
37.
Prunus
2
38.
Prunus serrulata
2
39.
Cistus salviifolius
2
40.
Pterygota
2
41.
Diplacus aurantiacus
2
42.
Malus
2
43.
Zonotrichia leucophrys
2
44.
Arbutus unedo
2
45.
Pleroma
2
46.
Agaricus
2
47.
Armillaria
2
48.
Leratiomyces ceres
2
49.
Limonium perezii
2
50.
Trametes versicolor
2
51.
Hylephila phyleus (Drury, 1773)
2
52.
Sialia mexicana Swainson, 1832
2
53.
Phacelia tanacetifolia
2
54.
Prunus cerasifera
1
55.
Vespa crabro
1
56.
Entoloma
1
57.
Zenaida macroura (Linnaeus, 1758)
1
58.
Eruca
1
59.
Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
1
60.
Crassula tetragona
1
61.
Artemisia pycnocephala
1
62.
Salvia
1
63.
Angiospermae
1
64.
Cistanthe
1
65.
Hosta sieboldii
1
66.
Russula
1
67.
Entiminae
1
68.
Dermaptera
1
69.
Geranium
1
70.
Pieris
1
71.
Convolvulus
1
72.
Coprosma
1
73.
Lycianthes
1
74.
Ericaceae
1
75.
Rhionaeschna multicolor (Hagen, 1861)
1
76.
Chasmanthe floribunda
1
77.
Fungi
1
78.
Parmelioideae
1
79.
Niebla
1
80.
Candelaria
1
81.
Cynipini
1
82.
Agrobacterium
1
83.
Vespula alascensis
1
84.
Hylephila phyleus
1
85.
Melipotini
1
86.
Pyrobombus
1
87.
Vespidae
1
88.
Eupeodes
1
89.
Pieris rapae
1
90.
Eleodes
1
91.
Coenosia
1
92.
Agrotina
1
93.
Vespula pensylvanica
1
94.
Syrphinae
1
95.
Bombus melanopygus
1
96.
Sambucus
1
97.
Brassicaceae
1
98.
Azara
1
99.
Arctostaphylos montana
1
100.
Trifolium repens L.
1
101.
Morchella rufobrunnea Guzmán & F.Tapia
1
102.
Linyphiinae
1
103.
Ficus
1
104.
Choisya ternata
1
105.
Hedera canariensis
1
106.
Citrus
1
107.
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum
1
108.
Thymus vulgaris
1
109.
Ruta graveolens
1
110.
Melissa officinalis
1
111.
Ehrharta erecta
1
112.
Echium candicans
1
113.
Marrubium vulgare
1
114.
Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb.
1
115.
Lupinus arboreus
1
116.
Pisum sativum
1
117.
Borago officinalis L.
1
118.
Echeveria elegans
1
119.
Graptopetalum paraguayense
1
120.
Veronica persica
1
121.
Physalis peruviana
1
122.
Oxalis corniculata
1
123.
Persea americana
1
124.
Marah fabacea
1
125.
Glebionis coronaria
1
126.
Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Hér.
1
127.
Solanum douglasii
1
128.
Genista monspessulana
1
129.
Geranium sanguineum
1
130.
Hyacinthoides hispanica
1
131.
Jasminum mesnyi
1
132.
Philotheca
1
133.
Sedum sexangulare
1
134.
Genista stenopetala
1
135.
Cuphea ignea
1
136.
Malva subovata
1
137.
Lobularia maritima
1
138.
Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, 1943
1
139.
Eschscholzia californica Cham.
1
140.
Claytonia perfoliata
1
141.
Tipula
1
142.
Digitalis purpurea
1
143.
Vaccinium corymbosum
1
144.
Entodon seductrix
1
145.
Rhododendron
1
146.
Euphagus cyanocephalus
1
147.
Streptosolen jamesonii
1
148.
Ruschieae
1
149.
Fabeae
1
150.
Lathyrus
1
151.
Erythranthe
1
152.
Mentha pulegium
1
153.
Puccinia malvacearum
1
154.
Clarkia unguiculata
1
155.
Dahlia pinnata
1
156.
Gladiolus × hortulanus
1
157.
Parmeliaceae
1
158.
Chrysanthemum
1
159.
Ilex aquifolium
1
160.
Beaucarnea recurvata
1
161.
Usnea
1
162.
Chrysothrix candelaris
1
163.
Amaryllis belladonna
1
164.
Sagina procumbens
1
165.
Usnea strigosa
1
166.
Parmotrema
1
167.
Orthotrichaceae
1
168.
Rosa
1
169.
Cerinthe major
1
170.
Salvia officinalis
1
171.
Malveae
1
172.
Leucanthemum maximum
1
173.
Oenothera speciosa
1
174.
Hosta
1
175.
Heuchera sanguinea
1
176.
Deroceras laeve
1
177.
Prunus domestica
1
178.
Acer palmatum
1
179.
Scotophaeus
1
180.
Salticus scenicus
1
181.
Geranium macrorrhizum
1
182.
Poales
1
183.
Coprosma repens
1
184.
Mentheae
1
185.
Arbutus
1
186.
Haworthiopsis
1
187.
Brevicoryne brassicae
1
188.
Taraxacum officinale
1
189.
Leptoglossus
1
190.
Iris
1
191.
Melaleuca citrina
1
192.
Epipactis helleborine
1
193.
Nabis
1
194.
Noctua pronuba
1
195.
Leucopis
1
196.
Trichocera annulata
1
197.
Hydriomena nubilofasciata (Packard, 1871)
1
198.
Zenaida macroura
1
199.
Mycena leptocephala
1
200.
Pluteus exilis
1
201.
Panaeolus acuminatus
1
202.
Collinsia sparsiflora
1
203.
Bibio necotus Hardy, 1937
1
204.
Euphorbia peplus L.
1
205.
Solanum nigrum L.
1
206.
Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski, 1862
1
207.
Sonchus oleraceus L.
1
208.
Lon melane (Edwards, 1869)
1
209.
Marah fabacea (Naudin) Greene
1
210.
Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd
1
211.
Cornu aspersum (O.F.Müller, 1774)
1
212.
Malva multiflora (Cav.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
1
213.
Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
1
214.
Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852
1
215.
Leptospermum
1
216.
Hydrangeaceae
1
217.
Lavandula dentata
1
218.
Eupithecia
1
219.
Coleonema pulchellum
1
220.
Pleroma urvilleanum
1
221.
Echium webbii
1
222.
Centaurea cyanus
1
223.
Pottiaceae
1
224.
Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas, 1852)
1
225.
Psaltriparus minimus (J.K.Townsend, 1837)
1
226.
Erigeron glaucus
1
227.
Eriogonum grande
1
228.
Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.
1
229.
Astereae
1
230.
Anthoxanthum odoratum
1
231.
Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758
1
232.
Hesperocyparis macrocarpa
1
233.
Lantana montevidensis
1
234.
Fragaria vesca
1
235.
Colaptes auratus
1
236.
Cryptantha pterocarya purpusii
1
237.
Coreopsis tinctoria
1
238.
Solanum
1
239.
Ocimum
1
240.
Phaseolus coccineus
1
241.
Prunus amygdalus
1
242.
Lepidium strictum
1
243.
Phalangium opilio
1
244.
Pyrausta volupialis
1
245.
Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers.
1
246.
Sirex areolatus
1
247.
Bellis perennis L.
1
248.
Phycomyces blakesleeanus
1
249.
Badumna longinqua
1
250.
Zonotrichia leucophrys (J.R.Forster, 1772)
1
251.
Collybiopsis villosipes
1
252.
Pholiota spumosa
1
253.
Chrysothrix
1
254.
Forficula dentata Fabricius, 1775
1
255.
Gomphocarpus
1
256.
Papaver
1
257.
Veronica arvensis
1
258.
Salvia spathacea
1
259.
Asclepias
1
260.
Oenothera elata
1
261.
Camellia
1
262.
Cryptantha pterocarya
1
263.
Phacelia californica
1
264.
Epilobium canum
1
265.
Rattus norvegicus
1
266.
Calypte anna (R.Lesson, 1829)
1
267.
Malva sylvestris
1
268.
Spinus psaltria
1
269.
Calypte anna
1
270.
Phytolacca rugosa
1
271.
Campanula poscharskyana
1
272.
Phytomyza syngenesiae
1
273.
Chenopodiastrum murale
1
274.
Nigella damascena
1
275.
Alstroemeria
1
276.
Aves
1
277.
Erodium
1
278.
Spergula arvensis
1
279.
Erigeron karvinskianus
1
280.
Rumex
1
281.
Turdus migratorius
1
282.
Hemerobius
1
283.
Achillea
1
284.
Buteo jamaicensis
1
285.
Sayornis nigricans
1
286.
Inopus
1
Top People
1.
noares
{:id=>"7867754", :score=>2280.0, :observations_count=>114, :species_count=>101, :percentage=>"25.61"}
2.
poonamdk
{:id=>"3729164", :score=>760.0, :observations_count=>30, :species_count=>30, :percentage=>"8.54"}
3.
burtosa
{:id=>"1050620", :score=>340.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"3.82"}
4.
cpbr
{:id=>"2026071", :score=>280.0, :observations_count=>14, :species_count=>14, :percentage=>"3.15"}
5.
Chris PB
{:id=>"2026071", :score=>260.0, :observations_count=>13, :species_count=>12, :percentage=>"2.92"}
6.
adeleergastolo
{:id=>"3980295", :score=>240.0, :observations_count=>12, :species_count=>11, :percentage=>"2.70"}
7.
rainybat
{:id=>"7760276", :score=>240.0, :observations_count=>8, :species_count=>8, :percentage=>"2.70"}
8.
ryanmasangkay
{:id=>"7614258", :score=>220.0, :observations_count=>11, :species_count=>7, :percentage=>"2.47"}
9.
c59888
{:id=>"8934085", :score=>220.0, :observations_count=>3, :species_count=>3, :percentage=>"2.47"}
10.
californiarowan
{:id=>"182135", :score=>180.0, :observations_count=>9, :species_count=>9, :percentage=>"2.02"}
11.
nicolette90824
{:id=>"7760276", :score=>180.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>5, :percentage=>"2.02"}
12.
the_disturbance
{:id=>"4591941", :score=>180.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>5, :percentage=>"2.02"}
13.
the_chosen_one1
{:id=>"6859259", :score=>180.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>5, :percentage=>"2.02"}
14.
hanminchiu
{:id=>"943412", :score=>160.0, :observations_count=>8, :species_count=>8, :percentage=>"1.80"}
15.
shatner
{:id=>"7781438", :score=>160.0, :observations_count=>4, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"1.80"}
16.
pinkybear
{:id=>"55831", :score=>150.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"1.68"}
17.
holly_marie
{:id=>"5441293", :score=>140.0, :observations_count=>7, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"1.57"}
18.
msgilbert03
{:id=>"7760285", :score=>140.0, :observations_count=>7, :species_count=>6, :percentage=>"1.57"}
19.
bombusvos
{:id=>"1050698", :score=>100.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>5, :percentage=>"1.12"}
20.
ashley69683
{:id=>"8534094", :score=>100.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>5, :percentage=>"1.12"}
21.
braedon8
{:id=>"8525740", :score=>100.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"1.12"}
22.
robyninthewild
{:id=>"9582272", :score=>100.0, :observations_count=>5, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"1.12"}
23.
paolaguzman09
{:id=>"5360008", :score=>100.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"1.12"}
24.
jamie71092
{:id=>"7781423", :score=>80.0, :observations_count=>4, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"0.90"}
25.
trishapolakala
{:id=>"7762197", :score=>80.0, :observations_count=>4, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"0.90"}
26.
kcymone
{:id=>"7760292", :score=>80.0, :observations_count=>4, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"0.90"}
27.
sonso1954
{:id=>"7760279", :score=>80.0, :observations_count=>4, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"0.90"}
28.
seema0421
{:id=>"8530644", :score=>80.0, :observations_count=>4, :species_count=>4, :percentage=>"0.90"}
29.
conkedout
{:id=>"7765227", :score=>60.0, :observations_count=>3, :species_count=>3, :percentage=>"0.67"}
30.
casefile
{:id=>"8977750", :score=>60.0, :observations_count=>3, :species_count=>3, :percentage=>"0.67"}
31.
cactus125
{:id=>"7358184", :score=>60.0, :observations_count=>3, :species_count=>3, :percentage=>"0.67"}
32.
MagicMouse
{:id=>"57405", :score=>53.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.60"}
33.
ljmcpheron
{:id=>"162816", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
34.
Whiskey Devil
{:id=>"4016795", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
35.
wlin31
{:id=>"7307788", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
36.
chadmcthudgroin
{:id=>"6458582", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
37.
lucas75709
{:id=>"7781434", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
38.
stefan30233
{:id=>"7781433", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
39.
kirvers
{:id=>"323075", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.45"}
40.
snowdenbecker
{:id=>"7894477", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
41.
venabulum
{:id=>"7397627", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
42.
gabe97126
{:id=>"8163077", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.45"}
43.
migregor
{:id=>"8875746", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
44.
Noa
{:id=>"7867754", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
45.
jzanipatin
{:id=>"2442263", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
46.
coinjar
{:id=>"7684297", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
47.
catchang
{:id=>"179103", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>2, :percentage=>"0.45"}
48.
Luxy
{:id=>"10648698", :score=>40.0, :observations_count=>2, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.45"}
49.
betweenthelyons
{:id=>"3244377", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
50.
hankt
{:id=>"4057815", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
51.
teamelbogen
{:id=>"7482309", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
52.
adverbatimandie
{:id=>"4619850", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
53.
slickthepanda
{:id=>"7444952", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
54.
siobhanolarkin
{:id=>"7717691", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
55.
loubegaofficial
{:id=>"6723436", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
56.
abbyness101
{:id=>"2530752", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
57.
p54
{:id=>"5218915", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
58.
benjamin27692
{:id=>"7897722", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
59.
alpha27792
{:id=>"7760293", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
60.
keily_peralta
{:id=>"5658979", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
61.
efmcginnis12
{:id=>"6410014", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
62.
rchebbo
{:id=>"8534381", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
63.
kailey_mullins
{:id=>"8531443", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
64.
naidnibadhan
{:id=>"8534334", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
65.
lyricnaturalist
{:id=>"786629", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
66.
priceplant
{:id=>"8291470", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
67.
msergoalem
{:id=>"8534253", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
68.
shrekswife8
{:id=>"7691413", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
69.
ramausfca
{:id=>"8526224", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
70.
meguerin
{:id=>"8906358", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
71.
bmo03
{:id=>"8906359", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
72.
minihoratio
{:id=>"5736657", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
73.
oakmeadow
{:id=>"211537", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
74.
estanzel
{:id=>nil, :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
75.
Vera Ting
{:id=>"289324", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
76.
henrycp
{:id=>"6101685", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
77.
tavanti
{:id=>"9705135", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
78.
anuhea_ray
{:id=>"9868500", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
79.
chaiz_frederick_usf
{:id=>"4702774", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
80.
vzsandinomurphyusf
{:id=>"9855637", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
81.
melusf-orthopteran-enthusiast
{:id=>"9876042", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
82.
liltortellini
{:id=>"9387465", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
83.
brendavp_
{:id=>nil, :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
84.
jbclements
{:id=>"6185287", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
85.
femmeforager
{:id=>"3765735", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
86.
boyblunder
{:id=>"8612577", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
87.
partysocks
{:id=>"6034163", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
88.
ecrk11
{:id=>"4671009", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
89.
laralavinsky
{:id=>"10314006", :score=>20.0, :observations_count=>1, :species_count=>1, :percentage=>"0.22"}
Recent Observations